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Pneumatic Pressure-Balancing and Flow-Divider Valves: Options and Manufacturers

Section titled “Pneumatic Pressure-Balancing and Flow-Divider Valves: Options and Manufacturers”

I. Introduction: Understanding Pneumatic Pressure-Balancing and Flow-Divider Valves

Pneumatic systems are integral to a vast array of industrial applications, leveraging the power of compressed air to perform work and automate processes. Within these systems, valves serve as critical control elements, directing the flow of compressed air to actuators and other components to achieve desired motions and functions. Two important categories of valves in pneumatic systems are pressure-balancing valves and flow-divider valves, each playing a distinct role in ensuring efficient and reliable operation.

Pneumatic pressure-balancing valves are designed to maintain a consistent output pressure, irrespective of fluctuations in the input pressure supplied to the system or variations in the load demanded by downstream components. This stable pressure regulation is essential for a multitude of pneumatic devices, guaranteeing consistent performance and preventing potential damage from over- or under-pressurization. Applications for these valves span numerous industries. In actuator control, they ensure pneumatic cylinders exert a consistent force and move at a predictable speed, crucial for precise automation in manufacturing and robotics. For air tools, pressure-balancing valves deliver the required air pressure for optimal tool performance, enhancing efficiency and user safety. They are also vital in precision instruments, where stable pressure is needed for accurate readings from pneumatic gauges and sensors. Moreover, these valves find application in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to balance air pressure within duct networks, optimizing airflow distribution for comfort and energy efficiency. In the medical field, pressure-balancing valves are critical components in devices like ventilators, where precise and stable air pressure is a matter of life and death 1.

The research material indicates a strong emphasis on devices known as “pressure regulators” 4-5-7. These regulators fundamentally perform a pressure-balancing function by taking a higher, potentially fluctuating inlet pressure and reducing it to a lower, more stable outlet pressure. This controlled reduction and stabilization of pressure align directly with the concept of pressure balancing as described in the user’s query. Therefore, this report will consider pressure regulators as a key type of pneumatic pressure-balancing valve. Additionally, specific “balance systems” utilized in material handling, as highlighted by SMC, demonstrate a specialized application of pressure balancing 3. These systems often employ sophisticated pneumatic circuits and feedback mechanisms to counteract the weight of objects, facilitating easier and safer handling in automation environments.

Pneumatic flow-divider valves, on the other hand, serve the purpose of taking a single stream of compressed air and splitting it into two or more separate output streams. This division of airflow can be equal, where each outlet receives the same volume of air per unit time, or proportional, where the outlets receive airflow in a predetermined ratio. The ability to divide airflow is crucial in various pneumatic applications. One key application is the synchronization of multiple actuators, ensuring that two or more pneumatic cylinders extend or retract at the same rate. This is essential in machinery requiring coordinated movements, such as clamping mechanisms or parallel motion systems. Flow-divider valves are also used to operate multiple devices simultaneously from a single air source, ensuring consistent operation across all connected tools or actuators. Furthermore, they play a role in pneumatic logic circuits for precise metering of airflow and distribution of air to different parts of a system 10.

A review of the research material reveals that a significant portion of the information related to “flow dividers” pertains to hydraulic systems 10-11-10-14. While one source does mention “air” as a potential fluid for flow dividers, the primary focus of these snippets is on hydraulic applications 11. This suggests that dedicated pneumatic flow divider valves might be less prevalent or that the terminology and market focus differ compared to their hydraulic counterparts. It is also important to distinguish flow-divider valves from pneumatic flow control valves, which are designed to regulate the amount of airflow rather than divide it into multiple streams 15. This report will address the available information on pneumatic flow dividers while acknowledging the limited scope within the provided material.

II. Pneumatic Pressure-Balancing Valves

Stable pressure is a cornerstone of efficient and reliable pneumatic system operation. Fluctuations in pressure can lead to inconsistent performance, reduced lifespan of components, and even safety hazards. Pneumatic pressure-balancing valves, primarily in the form of pressure regulators, are therefore essential for maintaining the integrity and functionality of these systems. Their ability to provide a constant output pressure despite variations in supply or load is critical across a wide range of industrial applications.

Manufacturers offer a diverse array of pneumatic pressure-balancing solutions tailored to specific needs. ThermOmegaTech, Inc. specializes in self-actuating thermostatic balancing valves 1. These unique valves utilize the thermal expansion of internal components to modulate flow and pressure, making them particularly suitable for applications where temperature and pressure are intrinsically linked. Constructed from corrosion-resistant stainless steel and brass, these valves are self-operating, requiring no external power source, and are designed for precise control within narrow temperature bands. They feature a ram-type plug to ensure reliable shut-off and serve a broad spectrum of industries, including electronics, aerospace, defense, HVAC, railroad, chemical, pharmaceutical, commercial plumbing, and food and beverage. Their compliance with RoHS and REACH environmental standards, along with AS9100D certification for aerospace quality management, underscores their commitment to quality and regulatory adherence. The thermostatic nature of these valves suggests their application in systems where temperature changes directly influence pressure requirements, such as in steam or thermal fluid lines within a pneumatic circuit, where maintaining a specific pressure is dependent on the temperature of the medium.

RED-WHITE VALVE CORP. provides a range of balancing valves, including double regulating globe valves, fixed orifice static valves, and pressure independent control valves 1. Primarily made from brass, their valves are designed for air conditioning and water applications, indicating suitability for HVAC and plumbing systems that incorporate pneumatic controls. The features of their valves vary by model, encompassing flat face flanges for secure connections, venturi inserts for flow measurement capabilities, positive shut-offs for complete system isolation, multi-turn adjustments for precise flow regulation, and solder joint ends for specific installation requirements.

Xylem, Inc. offers a comprehensive selection of balancing valves under the Bell & Gossett brand, catering to diverse industrial sectors such as agriculture, aquaculture, pharmaceutical, water park, construction, energy, and power 1. Their product line includes pressure independent control valves that maintain a set flow rate regardless of pressure changes, ball shut-off valves for simple on/off control, shaft valves, pressure independent flow limiting valves, thermostatic valves, circuit setter plus calibrated valves for precise flow adjustment, and triple-duty valves that combine multiple functions. Many of their valves feature adjustable lockable GPM dials for easy flow setting, corrosion-resistant shafts for enhanced durability, lockable handles to prevent unauthorized adjustments, lead-free brass construction for use in potable water systems, and multiple end connection options for installation flexibility. A notable product is the Bell & Gossett Ultra Setter™ Pressure Independent Control Valve, available in sizes from ½” to 6” and flow rates from 0.13 GPM to 880 GPM 2. These valves can be equipped with actuators from Siemens and Honeywell, offering compatibility with various control systems. The Ultra Setter uniquely combines the functionality of a branch balance valve, a control valve, and a differential pressure regulator into a single unit, simplifying system design and potentially reducing energy consumption by optimizing flow control. This integration of multiple functions into a single valve represents a trend towards more efficient and compact pneumatic control solutions.

Asahi/America, Inc. specializes in pressure balancing valves made from corrosion-resistant thermoplastic materials, including swing and wafer check valves 1. These valves are available in sizes ranging from 3/4 inch to 12 inches and utilize seals made from EPDM, FKM, and PTFE, materials known for their chemical resistance. They can be mounted in both vertical and horizontal orientations and are suitable for applications in chemical processing, bleach and power plants, mining, water treatment, and landfills, environments where resistance to corrosive substances is paramount. The use of thermoplastics in these valves highlights the importance of material selection based on the specific operating environment and the media being handled.

Penn Tool Co. acts as a distributor, offering a variety of valves, including balancing valves made from materials such as steel, brass, cast iron, rubber, aluminum, bronze, stainless steel, and polypropylene 1. Some of their products can handle pressures up to 160 psi and temperatures up to 180 degrees Fahrenheit, catering to a range of general industrial applications. Metro Hydraulic distributes counter balancing valves designed for double-acting cylinder applications, capable of handling pressures up to 10,000 psi and flow rates up to 5 gpm 1. Metraflex Co. manufactures butterfly valves, available in wafer or lug styles in sizes from 2 inches to 12 inches, designed for both shut-off and balancing of systems 1. These valves are constructed with a cast iron body, bronze disks, and EPDM seats, suitable for general industrial use.

ARI-Armaturen offers the plug valve STEVI® Pro, which can be operated pneumatically or electrically 17. This high-performance control valve is available in sizes from DN 15 mm to 250 mm, with pressure ratings from 16 bar to 160 bar and a temperature range of -60 °C to 427 °C. It is offered in cast steel and stainless steel body materials, suitable for demanding applications requiring precise and robust control. Athena Engineering S.r.l. manufactures the balancing valve plv-2, which can be manually or pneumatically operated, with sizes ranging from 0.5 inches to 36 inches and a temperature limit of 80 °C 17. They also offer a globe valve that can be pneumatically or electrically actuated, available in sizes from 1.5 inches to 12 inches and capable of handling pressures from 16 bar to 420 bar, designed as a pressure control valve utilizing a multi-cage design for pressure reduction. Honeywell Environmental & Combustion Controls EMEA offers the ball valve V5025A series, which can be pneumatically or electrically operated 17. These 2-way pressure-balanced control valves are suitable for regulating hot and chilled water flow, with sizes from DN 15 mm to 150 mm, a pressure rating of 25 bar, and a temperature range of 2 °C to 200 °C. Schubert & Salzer Control Systems GmbH produces the ball valve 4080, which can be pneumatically or electropneumatically operated for flow control 17. This three-way ball sector valve features an integrated positioner and is available in sizes from DN 50 mm to 150 mm, with a pressure range of 0 bar to 40 bar and a temperature range of -40 °C to 220 °C.

While MAC Valves primarily focuses on directional control valves, their high-performance solenoid valves could potentially be integrated into pneumatic systems requiring rapid and precise pressure adjustments, even if not explicitly marketed as pressure-balancing valves 18. American Wheatley manufactures balancing valves designed for hydronic balance in hot water heating and chilled water air conditioning systems, offering globe style (flanged or threaded) and plug style valves 19. SMC offers comprehensive “balance systems” for automation, including mechanical valves, air-operated valves for pressure selection, and regulators (AR, ARP, and IR series) specifically designed for balancing workpieces and jigs 3-9. Their precision regulators (IR412-02G and ARP30-02BG) exhibit high sensitivity and repeatability, crucial for accurate pressure balancing in automated processes. SMC’s approach highlights the importance of considering the entire pneumatic circuit to achieve effective pressure balancing, often involving a combination of specialized components working in concert.

Festo provides a diverse range of pressure regulation solutions, including balanced pressure control valves, pressure balances (functioning as proportional flow control valves), and counterbalancing valves 20-21. They also offer various pressure regulators, such as the mini pressure regulating valve LR-3,3, the standard pressure regulator VRPA, and differential pressure regulators LRL and LRLL. Festo’s extensive portfolio suggests a mature market where manufacturers offer specialized solutions for a wide spectrum of pressure regulation needs. AVENTICS (now part of Emerson) offers advanced valve systems, such as their AV (Advanced Valve) system, which includes integrated pressure regulators 22-22-26. Their PILOTAIR valves are also designed for pressure and directional control. The integration of pressure regulation within advanced valve systems indicates a trend towards modular and efficient pneumatic control solutions. Norgren (IMI Precision Engineering) manufactures a wide range of pressure regulators, including their Excelon series and general-purpose regulators like the R17 series 6-28. Many of their regulators feature balanced valve designs, a key characteristic for achieving optimal pressure control and minimizing the effect of inlet pressure changes on the outlet pressure. Clippard specializes in miniature pneumatics and offers precise pressure regulators, both relieving and non-relieving, as well as electronic valves with pressure control capabilities 27-30. Their expertise in miniature components caters to applications with limited space and demanding accuracy requirements. ControlAir focuses on air pressure regulators, including precision, filter, and general-purpose types 5-8. Their Type 7100 regulator is specifically designed for pneumatic counter balance applications, highlighting a specialized need for pressure balancing in load management. They also offer CONTROLAIR valves that function as both pressure regulating and directional control valves. Emerson, through its various brands like Fisher, Tartarini, and TESCOM, provides a broad portfolio of pressure regulators 32-35. The TESCOM 44-1300 series, for example, is a high-pressure, high-flow regulator with a venting and balanced valve design, suitable for demanding applications. Emerson’s diverse offerings across multiple brands underscore their significant presence in the pressure regulation market, providing solutions for a wide range of pressure requirements and industrial applications.

The following table summarizes some of the pneumatic pressure-balancing valve options identified:

ManufacturerModel/SeriesKey FeaturesLinkPrice (if available)
ThermOmegaTech, Inc.ThermostaticSelf-actuating, stainless steel/brass, corrosion-resistant, narrow temperature bands, ram-type plug.1N/A
RED-WHITE VALVE CORP.VariousDouble regulating globe, fixed orifice static, pressure independent control, brass construction.1N/A
Xylem, Inc.Ultra Setter™Pressure independent control, ball shut-off, thermostatic, adjustable GPM dial, corrosion-resistant shaft.2N/A
Asahi/America, Inc.Swing/Wafer CheckThermoplastic, corrosion-resistant, sizes 3/4” to 12”, EPDM/FKM/PTFE seals.1N/A
ARI-ArmaturenSTEVI® ProPneumatic/electric, DN 15-250 mm, 16-160 bar, -60 to 427 °C, cast steel/stainless steel.17Contact
Athena Engineering S.r.l.plv-2, GlobeManual/pneumatic (plv-2), pneumatic/electric (Globe), various DN/pressure/temp ranges.17Contact
HoneywellV5025APneumatic/electric, DN 15-150 mm, 25 bar, 2-200 °C, 2-way pressure balanced.17Contact
Schubert & Salzer4080Pneumatic/electropneumatic, DN 50-150 mm, 0-40 bar, -40 to 220 °C, 3-way ball sector.17Contact
SMCVarious (Balance Sys.)Mechanical valves, air-operated valves for pressure selection, regulators (AR, ARP, IR series) for balancing.3Contact
FestoVarious (Regulators)Mini (LR), Standard (VRPA), Differential (LRL, LRLL), Balanced pressure control valve.21Contact
AVENTICS (Emerson)Various (PILOTAIR, AV)Directional and pressure control valves, integrated pressure regulators in AV system.25Contact, See26
NorgrenExcelon Series, R17General purpose, balanced valve design, relieving models, various port sizes and pressure ranges.367Contact, See6
ClippardVarious (Regulators)Miniature precision regulators (relieving/non-relieving), electronic valves with pressure control.2938Contact
ControlAirType 7100, CONTROLAIRHigh accuracy, high flow, specifically for counterbalancing (Type 7100), pressure regulating & directional (CONTROLAIR).831Contact
Emerson (TESCOM)44-1300 SeriesHigh pressure, high flow, venting, balanced valve design.33Contact

The specifications for pneumatic pressure-balancing valves vary significantly depending on the manufacturer and model. Pressure ranges can span from very low pressures suitable for sensitive instruments to high pressures required for heavy-duty applications 1. The flow coefficient (Cv) indicates the valve’s capacity to allow fluid flow, with higher Cv values signifying greater flow capacity 2. Operating temperature ranges also differ, with some valves designed for extreme temperatures, both high and low 17. Material compatibility is a critical consideration, as valves must be constructed from materials that can withstand the pneumatic medium and the surrounding environment, especially in corrosive applications where thermoplastic valves are often preferred 1. Actuation types range from manual to pneumatic, electric, and even thermostatic, each suited for different control requirements and system designs 3. The physical size and port connections of the valve must also be compatible with the existing pneumatic plumbing. Finally, certifications and adherence to industry standards can be important indicators of the valve’s quality and suitability for specific applications 1. The sheer variety in specifications and features underscores the necessity of carefully evaluating the specific demands of the pneumatic system before selecting a pressure-balancing valve.

III. Pneumatic Flow-Divider Valves

Pneumatic flow-divider valves are essential for applications requiring synchronized movement of multiple actuators or equal distribution of airflow. While the research material contains less information specifically on pneumatic flow dividers compared to pressure-balancing valves, some manufacturers and potential options have been identified.

Advanced Fluid Systems, Inc. offers both flow dividers and flow combiners in various styles, including spool, gear, flange mounted, manifold mounted, inline, and cartridge configurations 10. The availability of both types suggests that their valves can manage airflow in both directions, either splitting a single stream into multiple or merging multiple streams into one. They also provide a range of services, including repair, rental, installation, and troubleshooting, indicating comprehensive support for their fluid power components. The ability to combine flow streams, in addition to dividing them, can be advantageous in certain pneumatic circuits, such as those with regenerative capabilities or specific control logic requirements.

Industrial Specialties Mfg., Inc. manufactures and distributes union metric flow dividers with a composite PBT body, available with tube outer diameters ranging from 4 mm to 16 mm 10. The use of metric sizing and a composite material suggests these dividers are designed for specific applications or markets that adhere to metric standards and may benefit from lightweight or corrosion-resistant components. Metro Hydraulic, primarily a distributor of hydraulic components, also lists rotary gear flow dividers 10. While the specified flow rates (8 to 30 gpm) are typical of hydraulic systems, it is possible they also offer pneumatic versions or that certain hydraulic flow dividers can be adapted for pneumatic use. Further investigation would be needed to confirm their suitability for pneumatic applications. Rhino Tool Company manufactures pneumatic post drivers, tools that likely utilize some form of internal airflow division to power their hammering action 10. While not explicitly selling flow divider valves, their expertise in pneumatic tool design indicates an understanding of managing and dividing airflow.

Chicago Pneumatic is listed as a manufacturer of flow dividers, with “air” mentioned as one of the fluids they can handle 11. However, the research material does not provide specific models or technical details for their pneumatic flow dividers. Similarly, John Guest and Ningbo Hoyea Machinery Manufacture are also listed as flow divider manufacturers, but no further information regarding pneumatic models is available in the provided snippets 11. Parker primarily focuses on hydraulic flow divider/combiner valves in their FDC and PD series, with limited direct relevance to pneumatic applications based on the provided material 39-40. Pneumadyne offers pneumatic flow control valves, which regulate the amount of airflow, rather than flow divider valves 15. Festo also primarily offers pneumatic flow control valves in the snippets provided 16.

The following table summarizes the limited information available on pneumatic flow-divider valve options from the research material:

ManufacturerModel/SeriesKey FeaturesLinkPrice (if available)
Advanced Fluid Systems, Inc.VariousSpool, gear, flange mounted, manifold mounted, inline & cartridge style, also combiners.10N/A
Industrial Specialties Mfg., Inc.Union MetricComposite PBT body, tube OD 4mm to 16mm.10N/A
Metro HydraulicRotary GearCast iron, max flow 8 to 30 gpm (likely hydraulic).10N/A
Chicago PneumaticNot SpecifiedPneumatic flow divider (mentioned in11 under fluids).11Contact
John GuestNot SpecifiedManufacturer of flow dividers (listed in11.11Contact
Ningbo Hoyea Machinery ManufactureNot SpecifiedManufacturer of flow dividers (listed in11.11Contact

Specifications for pneumatic flow-divider valves, such as flow rate capacity and the accuracy of flow division, are largely absent from the provided research material. The number of outlets on a pneumatic flow divider would be a key specification, as would the pressure rating and the material of construction, ensuring compatibility with the pneumatic system and the intended application. The type of flow divider mechanism (e.g., spool, gear) can also influence its performance characteristics. The limited information available suggests that dedicated pneumatic flow divider valves might be less common as standalone components compared to hydraulic versions or are often integrated into larger, more complex pneumatic systems.

IV. Comparative Analysis and Selection Considerations

When comparing pneumatic pressure-balancing valves, several factors come into play. Thermostatic valves, like those offered by ThermOmegaTech, provide a unique approach by linking pressure control to temperature, suitable for specific applications but perhaps less versatile than general-purpose pressure regulators. Pressure independent control valves, such as Xylem’s Ultra Setter, excel at maintaining a constant flow rate despite pressure variations, which is crucial in systems requiring consistent performance. Standard pressure regulators, available from numerous manufacturers like Festo, Norgren, Clippard, and ControlAir, offer a broad range of performance characteristics and price points, allowing users to select a valve that matches their specific pressure and flow requirements. The choice often involves trade-offs between cost, the level of accuracy required, the necessary flow capacity, and the complexity of the valve. For instance, precision regulators offer high accuracy but may come at a higher cost and might not be necessary for all applications. It is essential to carefully consider the specific demands of the pneumatic system, including the required output pressure range, the maximum flow rate, the operating environment, and any specific regulatory certifications needed, when selecting a pressure-balancing valve.

The options for dedicated pneumatic flow-divider valves appear more limited within the provided research material. Advanced Fluid Systems, Inc. seems to offer a broader range of pneumatic flow dividers compared to other mentioned manufacturers. When selecting a flow divider, key considerations include the required flow rate to each outlet, the desired accuracy of the flow division (whether it needs to be perfectly equal or a specific ratio), and the operating pressure of the pneumatic system. Given the limited data, users requiring pneumatic flow dividers might need to conduct more targeted research, potentially focusing on specialized pneumatic component suppliers or manufacturers of complete pneumatic systems.

For both pressure-balancing and flow-divider valves, several general selection considerations are important. The reliability and expected lifespan of the valve are crucial for minimizing downtime and maintenance costs. The maintenance requirements themselves should also be evaluated, considering the ease of access to internal components and the availability of spare parts. The ease of installation and integration into the existing pneumatic system is another practical consideration. Finally, the cost of the valve and its availability from reputable suppliers, along with the level of technical support offered by the manufacturer, should be taken into account.

V. Conclusion

The analysis of the provided research material reveals a well-established and diverse market for pneumatic pressure-balancing valves, primarily in the form of pressure regulators. Numerous manufacturers offer a wide range of solutions with varying specifications and features, catering to a multitude of industrial applications requiring stable and controlled air pressure. In contrast, information on dedicated pneumatic flow-divider valves is less readily available within these sources. While some manufacturers are listed as producing or distributing these valves, detailed specifications and product information are limited. This suggests that pneumatic flow-divider valves might be either less commonly used as standalone components or are often integrated into more complex pneumatic systems designed for specific applications.

When selecting pneumatic valves, whether for pressure balancing or flow division, a thorough understanding of the application’s specific requirements is paramount. This includes carefully considering the required pressure and flow rates, the operating environment, the compatibility of materials with the pneumatic medium, and the desired level of control and accuracy. Users seeking pressure-balancing valves have a wide array of options to choose from, with detailed specifications often available. However, those requiring pneumatic flow-divider valves may need to conduct more focused research, potentially by directly contacting manufacturers or consulting with specialists in pneumatic system design to identify the most suitable components for their needs.

Works cited

Section titled “Works cited”
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